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Updated: May 26, 2025
Joint letter to Philip, from Orange, Egmont, and Horn Egmont's quarrel with Aerschot and with Aremberg Philip's answer to the three nobles His instructions to the Duchess Egmont declines the King's invitation to visit Spain Second letter of the three seigniors Mission of Armenteros Letter of Alva Secret letters of Granvelle to Philip The Cardinal's insinuations and instructions His complaints as to the lukewarmness of Berghen and Montigny in the cause of the inquisition Anecdotes to their discredit privately chronicled by Granvelle Supposed necessity for the King's presence in the provinces Correspondence of Lazarus Schwendi Approaching crisis Anxiety of Granvelle to retire Banquet of Caspar Schetz Invention of the foolscap livery Correspondence of the Duchess and of the Cardinal with Philip upon the subject Entire withdrawal of the three seigniors from the state council the King advises with Alva concerning the recall of Granvelle Elaborate duplicity of Philip's arrangements His secret note to the Cardinal His dissembling letters to others Departure of Granvelle from the Netherlands Various opinions as to its cause Ludicrous conduct of Brederode and Hoogstraaten Fabulous statements in Granvelle's correspondence concerning his recall Universal mystification The Cardinal deceived by the King Granvelle in retirement His epicureanism Fears in the provinces as to his return Universal joy at his departure Representations to his discredit made by the Duchess to Philip Her hypocritical letters to the Cardinal Masquerade at Count Mansfeld's Chantonnay's advice to his brother Review of Granvelle's administration and estimate of his character.
Maurice entered Hoogstraaten, was received with rapture by the Spanish and Italian veterans, and excited the astonishment of all by the coolness with which he entered into the cage of these dangerous serpents as they called themselves handling them, caressing them, and being fondled by them in return.
In her secret Italian letters, she furnished the King with a tissue of most extravagant and improbable falsehoods, supplied to her mainly by Noircarmes and Mansfeld, as to the course pursued at this momentous crisis by Orange, Egmont, Horn, and Hoogstraaten. They had all, she said, declared against God and against religion.
Egmont in Flanders, Orange at Antwerp, Horn at Tournay; Hoogstraaten at Mechlin, were exerting themselves to suppress insurrection and to avert ruin. What, meanwhile, was the policy of the government? The secret course pursued both at Brussels and at Madrid may be condensed into the usual formula dissimulation, procrastination, and again dissimulation.
He had, however, been an open and avowed enemy to the Cardinal, and had been engaged in no secret conspiracy against his character or against his life. He had met Orange and Egmont at Breda and Hoogstraaten, and had been glad to do so, for he had been long separated from them.
Nothing came of this secret embassy, for Egmont's heart and fate were already fixed. Before Orange departed, however; for the north, where his presence in the Dutch provinces was now imperatively required, a memorable interview took place at Dendermonde between Orange, Horn, Egmont, Hoogstraaten, and Count Louis.
By midsummer, at least three thousand five hundred veterans, including a thousand of excellent cavalry, the very best soldiers in the service, had seized the city of Hoogstraaten.
Nearly three thousand of the patriots were slain in this combat, including those burned or butchered after the battle was over. The Sieur de Louverwal was taken prisoner, and soon afterwards beheaded in Brussels; but the greatest misfortune sustained by the liberal party upon this occasion was the death of Antony de Lalaing, Count of Hoogstraaten.
It had become necessary for the archduke, notwithstanding the steady drain of the siege of Ostend, to detach a considerable army against this republic and to besiege them in their capital of Hoogstraaten. With seven thousand foot and three thousand cavalry Frederic Van den Berg took the field against them in the latter part of July.
The Prince himself contributed 50,000 florins, Hoogstraaten 30,000, Louis of Nassau 10,000, Culemberg 30,000, Van der Bergh 30,000, the Dowager-countess Horn 10,000, and other persons in less proportion. Count John of Nassau also pledged his estates to raise a large sum for the cause.
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