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Updated: May 7, 2025
Hibbert are not inconsistent with those of the late Sir A. Ramsay, on "The Physical History of the Valley of the Rhine," Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xxx. . Von Dechen, Geog. Hibbert, loc. cit., p. 18. Horner, "Geology of Environs of Bonn," Transactions of the Geological Society, vol. iv., new series. H. von Dechen, Geog. Ibid., p. 191. Dr.
I foresee, however, a new battle of Waterloo between you and my friend Ehrenberg, who accompanied me lately, just after the Victoria festivals, to the volcanoes of the Eifel with Dechen. Not an inch of ground without infusoria in those regions! For Heaven's sake do not meddle with the infusoria before you have seen the Canada Lakes and completed your journey.
The sedimentary strata in which thin seams of coal occur attain a thickness, as we have seen, of 18,000 feet in the north of England exclusive of the Mountain Limestone, and are estimated by Von Dechen at over 20,000 feet in Rhenish Prussia.
M. Von Dechen, in his work on the Siebengebirge, has given a copious list of the animal and vegetable remains of the fresh-water strata associated with the brown-coal of that part of Germany. The fishes of the brown-coal near Bonn are found in a bituminous shale, called paper-coal, from being divisible into extremely thin leaves.
According to H. von Dechen, there are sheets of basalt older than the greater mass of the brown coal formation, and others newer than the trachyte; while dykes of basalt traversing the trachytic lavas are not uncommon.
The other is a red granite, which penetrates the dark variety everywhere in veins. Von Oeynhausen and Von Dechen. The general height of the veins is from 16 to 20 feet, but some are much higher. Granite, syenite, and those porphyries which have a granitiform structure, in short all Plutonic rocks, are frequently observed to contain metals, at or near their junction with stratified formations.
The range consists mainly of trachytic rocks namely, trachyte-conglomerate, and solid trachyte, of which H. von Dechen makes two varieties that of the Drachenfels, and that of the Wolkenburg. But associated with these highly-silicated varieties of lava and generally, if not always, of later date are basaltic rocks which cap the hills of Petersberg, Nonnenstrom, Gr. and Ll. Oelberg, Gr.
No vertebrated animals more highly organised than fish were known in rocks of higher antiquity than the Permian until the year 1844, when the Apateon pedestris, Meyer, was discovered in the coal-measures of Munster-Appel in Rhenish Bavaria, and three years later, in 1847, Professor von Dechen found three other distinct species of the same family of Amphibia in the Saarbruck coal-field above alluded to.
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