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The policy of the Spanish king still bound him to Elizabeth's cause, for the claims of Mary Stuart had been reserved in the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis and the refusal of France to abandon them held Spain to its alliance with the Queen.
When I arrived at Cateau-Cambresis, I had intelligence sent me that a party of the Huguenot troops had a design to attack me on the frontiers of Flanders and France. This intelligence I communicated to a few only of my company, and prepared to set off an hour before daybreak.
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis set the French government free to pay greater attention to the progress of Scottish affairs, and Mary of Guise forthwith denounced the leading Protestant preachers as heretics. It was much too late. The immediate result was the Perth riots of May and June, 1559, which involved the destruction of the religious houses which were the glory of the Fair City.
The assumption by Francis and Mary of the style of king and queen of England, the express reservation of this claim, even in the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, made a French occupation of Scotland a matter of life and death to the kingdom over the border.
He secured for her the allegiance of the Catholics within her realm, who looked to him as their friend while they distrusted France as an ally of heretics. His envoys supported her cause in the negotiations at Cateau-Cambrésis; he suffered her to borrow money and provide herself with arms in his provinces of the Netherlands.
In the early part of the year 1558, one of the generals of Henry II. made an irruption into western Flanders; but the gallant count of Egmont once more proved his valor and skill by attacking and totally defeating the invaders near the town of Gravelines. A general peace was concluded in April, 1559, which bore the name of Câteau-Cambresis, from that of the place where it was negotiated.
And so, at Cateau-Cambresis, a peace was made in April, 1559, by which France retained the three bishoprics and Calais, surrendering Thionville, Montmedy, and one or two other frontier towns, while she recovered Ham and St.
Quentin Battle of Gravelines Peace of Câteau-Cambresis Death of Mary of England Philip's Despotism Establishes a Provisional Government Convenes the States General at Ghent His Minister Granvelle Goes to Zealand Embarks for Spain Prosperity revives Effects of the Provisional Government Marguerite of Palma Character of Granvelle Viglius de Berlaimont Departure of the spanish Troops Clergy Bishops National Discontent Granvelle appointed Cardinal Edict against Heresy Popular Indignation Reformation State of Brabant Confederacy against Granvelle Prince of Orange Counts Egmont and Horn join the Prince against Granvelle Granvelle recalled Council of Trent Its Decrees received with Reprobation Decrees against Reformers Philip's Bigotry Establishment of the Inquisition Popular Resistance.
From the period of the Peace of Câteau-Cambresis, commerce and navigation had acquired new and increasing activity. The fisheries, but particularly that of herrings, became daily more important; that one alone occupying two thousand boats. While Holland, Zealand and Friesland made this progress in their peculiar branches of industry, the southern provinces were not less active or successful.
Yet in 1558 they had two thousand places of worship in France: they soon held a general synod at Paris, and organized themselves . That same year, when, in the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis, Henry had given up all his conquests except the three bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun, and Calais, he suddenly died from a wound in the eye, accidentally inflicted in a tilt.
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