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Updated: June 14, 2025


Such were many feudal payments and monopolies; common bulls, common ovens, rights to labor and to services. N., Dax, A. P., iii. 94, Section 21. N., Etain, A. P., ii. 215, Section 10. N., Bas Vivarais, A. P., vi. 180, Section 19. For the desire to abolish them, T., Avesnes, A. P., ii. 153, Sections 34-40. T., Bar-le-duc, A. P., ii. 200, Sections 49, 50. T., Beaujolais, A. P., ii. 285, Section 22.

Such are the Story of Hainault, written for Baldwin of Avesnes, and the rhymed Chronicle of Tournai by Philippe Mousket. The bourgeoisie soon became interested in the movement. But the citizens of the towns enjoyed neither courtiers' poetry nor epics and warlike histories. Satire and didactic works were far more to their taste.

Some time afterwards, it happened that the Prior of the Abbey of Saint Amand sent to the Lord of Avesnes a basket of oranges, with a beautifully-written letter saying that these golden fruit, then unknown in Flanders, came straight from a land where the sun always shone. That evening Tubby and his son ate the golden apples at supper, and thought them delicious.

"The cattle purchased in Franche Comté are brought to Avesnes at two periods of the year in autumn and in the spring.

A fleet from Pisa had already joined the Sicilian one; in October there arrived twelve thousand Danes and Friesians, and in November a number of Flemings, under the Count of Avesnes, French knights under the Bishop of Beauvais, and Thuringians, under their landgrave, Louis.

Meanwhile John of Avesnes, Count of Hainault, was closely co-operating with the French, and kept Edward's son-in-law and ally, John, Duke of Brabant, from sending effective help to the Flemings. Moreover, the Flemish townsmen, in their dislike of their count, were largely on the side of the French.

His immediate return to England showed that he had no mind to renew his Flemish alliances. In the same year the death of the queen's brother, William of Avesnes, established the rule of Louis of Bavaria in the three counties of Holland, Zealand, and Hainault in the right of his wife, Philippa's elder sister.

They were delighted to take his presents, to pledge themselves to support him, and to insist upon the regular payment of the subsidies he had promised. But John of Brabant was more intent on winning Mechlin than on invading France, and even William of Avesnes was embarrassed by the ties which bound him to Philip, his uncle, even more than to Edward, his brother-in-law.

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