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I have already mentioned its small corolla, surpassed by the lobes of the calyx and its capacity of self-fertilization. It has still other curious differentiating characters; the pollen grains, which are square in V. tricolor, are five-sided in V. arvensis. Some transgressive fluctuating variability may occur in both cases through the admixture of pollen-grains.
The concentrated acid of the bitter almond is a most dangerous poison to man and all other animals. ANAGALLIS arvensis. PIMPERNEL. The Leaves. Many extraordinary virtues have been attributed to them. Geoffroy esteems them cephalic, sudorific, vulnerary, anti-maniacal, anti-epileptic, and alexiteral. ANCHUSA angustifolia. BUGLOSS. The Roots, Leaves, and Flowers.
The scarlet pimpernel or Anagallis arvensis has a blue variety which is absolutely constant. Even in Britton and Brown's "Flora," which rarely enumerates varieties, it is mentioned as being probably a distinct species. Eight hundred blooming seedlings were obtained from isolated parents, all of the same blue color.
Woodville's Med. Bot. p. 76. Similar Plants. Sonchus arvensis; Lactuca Scariola. LAVANDULA Spica. LAVENDER. Flowers. L. D. Lavender has been an officinal plant for a considerable time, though we have no certain accounts of it given by the ancients.
The Arum maculatum is "devil's ladies and gentlemen," and the Ranunculus arvensis is the "devil on both sides." The vegetable kingdom also has been equally mindful of his majesty's food, the spurge having long been named "devil's milk" and the briony the "devil's cherry."
The above-mentioned elementary forms belong to the flora of southern France, and Wittrock has isolated and cultivated a number of others from the fields of Sweden. A species from Stockholm is called Viola patens; V. arvensis curtisepala occurs in Gotland, and V. arvensis striolata is a distinct form, which has appeared in his cultures without its true origin being ascertained.
These flowers are also frequently used externally in discutient and antiseptic fomentations, and in emollient glysters. The double-flowered variety is usually cultivated for medicine, but the wild kind with single flowers is preferable. Similar Plants. Anthemis arvensis; A. Cotula; Pyrethrum maritimum. ANTHEMIS Pyrethrum. PELLITORY OF SPAIN. The Root.
It is necessary to observe, that unless the fire is slackened towards the end the syrup goes brown, and acquires the taste and smell of burnt sugar. "A hundred weight of apples yield about eighty-four pounds of juice, which produce nearly twelve pounds of liquid sugar. Retrospect, vol. vi. p. 14. SPERGULA arvensis.
It is found principally in woods and old pastures, and is in good perfection about the middle of September. CHARLOCK. Sinapis arvensis. The young plant is eaten in the spring as turnep-tops, and is considered not inferior to that vegetable.
The researches of Wittrock included only a small number of elementary species, but every one who has observed the violets in the central parts of Europe must be convinced that many dozens of constant forms of the typical Viola tricolor might easily be found and isolated. We now come to the field pansy, the Viola arvensis, a very common weed in the grain-fields of central Europe.
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