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Updated: May 10, 2025
Other arrangements cause a jet of oil to be injected into a chamber containing hot air, in the form of spray, which immediately converts the oil into vapour, and is then passed into the cylinder, compressed, and fired. On the following compression stroke the air is driven into the vapouriser, which communicates with the cylinder through a narrow neck, and mixes intimately with the oil vapour.
On the suction stroke a partial vacuum is formed in the engine cylinder, consequently the pressure in the vapouriser drops somewhat below that of the atmosphere, and this small difference in pressure is enough to cause the oil to rise in the small passage X, fig. 45, beyond its normal level, and overflow into the vapourising chamber, as previously described.
Thus it will be seen that when the gas valve is opened and suction takes place, air is drawn in through these holes, passes up into the annular space C below the top flange, from there travels to the opposite side of vapouriser, and mixes with the oil which is also being drawn in through a small nipper at N, fig. 45.
Gradually, as the pressure rises, due to compression, the charge becomes more and more explosive, until at the completion of this stroke it has attained the proper proportions of air and oil vapour, and is fired by the temperature of the vapouriser and that caused by a high compression; that is, the charge is fired automatically; and once the engine is running, no heating lamp is required to keep the vapouriser at the correct temperature.
This vapouriser consists primarily of a tubular casting A, on the outside of which are formed a series of vertical ribs, shown in plan, fig. 46, running to within a short distance of the flange at one end, as shown in the section, fig. 45, thus providing an annular space C between the upper ends of the ribs and the flange.
Both then pass between a series of pegs, where they become thoroughly mixed, and finally pass on to the inlet valve V, fig. 47, and so into the cylinder, where the complete charge is mixed up and compressed and fired in the usual manner. Iron ignition tubes may be used, and one heating lamp serves a double purpose in keeping the tube and vapouriser hot at the same time.
The difficulty of producing an efficient oil engine lies principally in devising a satisfactory and reliable vapouriser one which will work equally well under all loads. The heat supplied to the chamber must be sufficient to vaporise the oil, but not great enough to decompose it. There are various methods of vaporising the oil, and many types of vaporisers are employed to attain the same end.
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