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Updated: June 20, 2025
The habit of drinking tea seems to have been an ancient Tibetan custom, which spread to south-eastern China in the third century A.D. Since then there had been two main centres of production, Szechwan and south-eastern China. Until the eleventh century Szechwan had remained the leading producer, and tea had been drunk in the Tibetan fashion, mixed with flour, salt, and ginger.
Thus there were now two realms in North China, one undergoing progressive sinification, the other falling back to the old traditions of the Huns. 3 Rise of the Toba to a great Power The present province of Szechwan, in the west, had belonged to Fu Chien's empire.
In a short time Chu Ch'üan-chung, a former follower of Huang Ch'ao, proved to be the strongest of the commanders. In 890 open war began between the two leaders. Li K'o-yung was based on Shansi; Chu Ch'üan-chung had control of the plains in the east. Meanwhile the governors of Szechwan in the west and Chekiang in the south-east made themselves independent.
In the period of political fragmentation Szechwan, as the principal tea-producing region and at the same time an important producer of salt, was much better off than any other part of China.
But the peasants regarded their local unauthorized priests as their natural leaders against the gentry and against gentry forms of religion. One branch, probably the main branch of this movement, developed a stronghold in Eastern Szechwan province, where its members succeeded to create a state of their own which retained its independence for a while.
One of the family attained a high post through personal friendship with Yü Liang: on his death his son Huan Wen came into special prominence as military commander. Huan Wen, like Wang Tun and others before him, tried to secure a firm foundation for his power, once more in the west. In 347 he reconquered Szechwan and deposed the local dynasty.
The small states in Kansu, which dominated the route, now passed on the traffic along two routes, one northward to the Toba and the other alien states in north China, the other through north-west Szechwan to south China.
"I have given fifty thousand pounds to set up nurseryschools right here in London " "So the mothers of the little brats will be free to work in your factories." "I have donated ten thousand pounds to Indian famine relief " "So that you might cut the wages of your Hindu workers." "I have subscribed five thousand pounds for sanitation in Szechwan "
This rising was particularly sanguinary, and when it was ultimately crushed by the Manchus the province of Szechwan, formerly so populous, was almost depopulated, so that it had later to be resettled.
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