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Updated: May 27, 2025
From this list we learn that in the old temple sacred to Anu and Ramman, in the city of Ashur the oldest Assyrian temple known to us, some twenty deities were worshipped. Images at least of these deities must have stood in the temple; but, since there is a distinct reference zikkurats in the list, for some of them special sanctuaries of some kind must have been erected within the precinct.
The future additions to the list, it is safe to assert, will increase the second class and only slightly modify, if at all, the first class. Bearing in mind this distinction we may put down as active forces in Assyria the following: Anu, Ashur, Bel, Belit, Gula, Dagan, Ea, Khani, Ishtar, Marduk, Nabu, Nergal, Ninib, Nusku, Ramman, Sin, Shala, Shamash, Tashmitum.
In this capacity Ramman is so essentially an Assyrian god that it will be proper to dwell upon him again in the following chapter, when the specially Assyrian phases of the religion we are investigating will be taken up. The consort of Ramman also, the goddess Shala, will best be treated of in connection with the Assyrian phases of the Ramman cult.
Armed with a mighty weapon whose assault nothing can withstand, Anu is surrounded by a host of gods and powerful spirits who are ready to follow his lead and to do his service. Ramman. With Ramman we reach a deity whose introduction into the Babylonian pantheon and whose position therein appears to be entirely independent of Marduk.
A comparison of the names furnished by the inscriptions from these three sections shows that the gods common to all are Marduk, Bel, Shamash, Ramman.
To Sin, the great god, he offers sacrifices. His prayer to the god is acceptable. On the 3d day, a day of supplication to Marduk and Sarpanitum, a favorable day. At night, in the presence of Marduk and Ishtar, the king brings his gift. Sacrifices he is to offer so that his prayer may be acceptable. On the 6th day, sacred to Ramman and Belit, a favorable day.
There were, of course, some misfortunes that were sent against mankind from on high Ramman was a god who required such messengers as the Igigi, and besides the Igigi, there were other spirits sent out from above.
The Assyrian Ramman differs in no way from the Ramman of Babylonia, but he is much more popular in the north than in the south. The popularity of the god is but a reflection of the delight that the Assyrians took in military pursuits. Ramman is hardly anything more than another Ashur.
After the days of Ramman-nirari, however, Ashur's precedence over all other gods is established. Whether associated with Bel or with Ramman, or with Shamash and Ramman, or with a larger representation of the pantheon, Ashur is invariably mentioned first.
It is natural, in view of this, that Ramman should have been to the Assyrians also the 'mightiest of the gods. Through the Assyrian inscriptions we learn something of the consort of Ramman. Shala. Sennacherib tells us that in the course of his campaign against Babylonia he removes out of the city of Babylon, and replaces in Ekallâte the statues of Ramman and Shala.
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