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Updated: June 13, 2025
The other alternative put by Professor Koelliker the passage of fecundated ova in the course of their development into higher forms would, if it occurred, be merely an extreme case of variation in the Darwinian sense, greater in degree than, but perfectly similar in kind to, that which occurred when the well-known Ancon Ram was developed from an ordinary Ewe's ovum.
The apparently diverging teachings of the Teleologist and of the Morphologist are reconciled by the Darwinian hypothesis. But leaving our own impressions of the "Origin of Species," and turning to those passages especially cited by Professor Koelliker, we cannot admit that they bear the interpretation he puts upon them.
The sixth and last section is devoted to Embryological systems, and presents diagrams of the classifications of Von Baer, Van Beneden, Koelliker, and Vogt. The second part of the Monograph introduces us to the consideration of a special subject of Natural History, the North American Testudinata.
To this Professor Koelliker replies, with perfect justice, that the conclusion drawn by Pelzeln does not really follow from Darwin's premises, and that, if we take the facts of Paleontology as they stand, they rather support than oppose Darwin's theory.
But the most elaborate criticisms of the "Origin of Species" which have appeared are two works of very widely different merit, the one by Professor Koelliker, the well-known anatomist and histologist of Wuerzburg; the other by M. Flourens, Perpetual Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences.
No transitional forms between existing species are known; and known varieties, whether selected or spontaneous, never go so far as to establish new species." To this Professor Koelliker appears to attach some weight. He makes the suggestion that the short-faced tumbler pigeon may be a pathological product. No transitional forms of animals are met with among the organic remains of earlier epochs."
It comprises a brief but clear sketch of Darwin's views, followed by an enumeration of the leading difficulties in the way of their acceptance; difficulties which would appear to be insurmountable to Professor Koelliker, inasmuch as he proposes to replace Mr. Darwin's Theory by one which he terms the "Theory of Heterogeneous Generation."
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