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One of the most remarkable cases of the kind, was that mentioned by Humboldt as having occurred at Guanaxuato in Mexico, a mountain-city situated far from any active volcano. This celebrated traveller states that these noises began on the 9th of January 1784, and lasted above a month.
From various indications, those who are most experienced in mining believe that Potosi will always continue productive and cannot be easily exhausted . The mines of Lauricocha, in a different part of Peru, are now in greater estimation. But those of Guanaxuato and Zacatecas in Mexico, notwithstanding the poverty of their ore, have been long the most productive of the American mines.
Farther north the chain called Sierra Madre runs north 40 degrees west towards San Miguel el Grande and Guanaxuato. In those countries it bears the name of the Mountains of Ozark,* and attains 300 toises of height. Their metallic wealth seems to denote that they are a prolongation of the eastern Cordillera of Mexico.
Guanaxuato is situated forty leagues north of the volcano of Jorullo, and sixty leagues north west of the volcano of Popocatepetl. In places nearer these two volcanoes, three leagues distant from Guanaxuato, the subterranean thunders were not heard.
Mountains of gneiss-granite in the province of Oaxaca. Latitude 18 1/2 to 19 1/2 degrees. Trachytic knot of Anahuac, parallel with the Nevados and the burning volcanoes of Mexico. Latitude 19 1/2 to 20 degrees. Knot of the metaliferous mountains of Guanaxuato and Zacatecas. Latitude 21 3/4 to 22 degrees. Linked by spurs to the maritime Alps, or mountains of California.
In the district of Glatz the fissures of the gabbro are filled with a steatite of a greenish white colour, and the rock which was long thought to belong to the grunsteins* is a close mixture of feldspar and diallage. Near Guanaxuato, in Mexico, I saw it alternating with syenite.
Underground Sounds Quito Rio Apure Guanaxuato Melida Nakous. Not the least remarkable among the phenomena produced by volcanic forces, are the strange underground noises which are occasionally heard. For the most part these are the preludes either of shocks of earthquake or of volcanic eruptions.
The best-cultivated Mexican lands, those which remind the traveller of the most beautiful districts of France and the south of Germany, extend from Silao towards the Villa of Leon: they are in the neighbourhood of the mines of Guanaxuato, which alone furnish a sixth part of all the silver of the New World. On the evening of the 7th of February we took our departure from Caracas.
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