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Updated: June 20, 2025
As within the Roman burgess-body the ruling class separated itself from the people, uniformly withdrew from public burdens, and uniformly took for itself the honours and advantages, so the burgesses in their turn asserted their distinction from the Italian confederacy, and excluded it more and more from the joint enjoyment of rule, while transferring to it a double or triple share in the common burdens.
While in this way the axe was laid to the root of the old burgess-body and their clan-nobility, and the basis of a new burgess-body was laid, the preponderance in the latter rested on the possession of land and on age, and the first beginnings were already visible of a new aristocracy based primarily on the actual consideration in which the families were held the future nobility.
This division had reference primarily to the personal composition of the burgess-body, but it was applied also to the domain so far as the latter was apportioned at all.
But when those masses the -comitia- primarily, and practically also the -contiones were permitted to interfere in the administration, and the instrument which the senate employed to prevent such interferences was wrested out of its hands; when this so-called burgess-body was allowed to decree to itself lands along with all their appurtenances out of the public purse; when any one, whom circumstances and his influence with the proletariate enabled to command the streets for a few hours, found it possible to impress on his projects the legal stamp of the sovereign people's will, Rome had reached not the beginning, but the end of popular freedom had arrived not at democracy, but at monarchy.
As an assembly of the freeholders of the community, it formerly might very well meet in sufficiently full numbers, and might very well know its own wishes, even without discussion; but the Roman burgess-body had now become less a civic community than a state.
III. VII. Measures Adopted to Check the Immigration of the Transalpine Gauls III. VII. Liguria III. XI. The Nobility in Possession of the Equestrian Centuries III. V. Attitude of the Romans, III. VI. Conflicts in the South of Italy II. III. The Burgess-Body As to the original rates of the Roman census it is difficult to lay down anything definite.
This division had reference primarily to the personal composition of the burgess-body, but it was applied also to the domain so far as the latter was apportioned at all.
This, in short, was the time when the Roman burgess-body in the later sense of the term originated.
II. III. The Burgess-Body III. XI. Patricio-Plebian Nobility The laying out of the circus is attested. II. II. Political Value of the Tribunate III. IX. Landing of the Romans III. IX. Death of Scipio. III. XI. Patricio-Plebian Nobility II. III. New Opposition III. III. The Celts Conquered by Rome III. VI. In Italy III. III. The Celts Conquered by Rome III. VII. Liguria
Sovereignty, as conceived by the Romans, was inherent in the community of burgesses; but the burgess-body was never entitled to act alone, and was only entitled to co-operate in action, when there was to be a departure from existing rules.
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