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Updated: June 16, 2025
When this tropidine is heated with an excess of bromine, it yields dibrompyridine. Piperine, the alkaloid of pepper, has also been well studied.
If a volatile alkaloid, add a few pieces of calcium chloride to ethereal solution to absorb the water; draw off the ethereal solution with a pipette, allow it to evaporate, and test the residue for the alkaloids, conine and nicotine.
For scientific discussion of these various substances I refer you to technical works. In this chapter will be found only a discussion of their relation to people's welfare, that is, to health and efficiency. Coffee, tea and chocolate contain a poisonous alkaloid which is generally called caffeine.
By the action of sodium upon pyridine is produced a compound C H N , known as dipyridyl, and this, under the influence of nascent hydrogen, takes up six atoms and becomes isonicotine C H N , a physiologically active alkaloid, isomeric with the true nicotine.
The flask is heated in a water-bath, and the vapours condensed by a Liebig's condenser. In the case of phosphorus the condenser should be of glass, and the process of distillation conducted in the dark, so that the luminosity of the phosphorus may be noted. For the separation of an alkaloid, the following is the process of Stas-Otto.
"What is it?" we asked as he held the tube up critically to the light. "I can't be sure yet," he answered slowly. "I thought at first that it was some alkaloid. I'll have to make further tests before I can be positive just what it is. If I may retain this sample I think that with other clues that I have discovered I may be able to tell you something definite soon."
Quinine, C H N O , when carefully oxidized with chromic acid or potassium permanganate, yields a series of products. The alkaloid has been shown to be a tertiary base. Quinidine yields with chromic acid the same decomposition products as quinine.
If a fixed alkaloid, treat the acid solution with soda or potash and ether, evaporate ethereal solution after separation, when the solid alkaloid will be left in an impure state. To purify it, add a small quantity of dilute sulphuric acid, and, after evaporating to three-quarters of its bulk, add a saturated solution of carbonate of potash or soda.
It was, as I suspected, deliberate murder, as in the case of Miss Lamar. Bacillus botulinus produces a toxin that is extremely virulent. Hardly more than a ten- thousandth of a cubic centimeter would kill a guinea pig. This was botulin itself, the pure toxin, an alkaloid just like that which is formed in meat and other food products in cases of botulism.
Extraction from contents of stomach by Stas-Otto process. It may be found in the urine; gives usual alkaloidal reactions, but no distinctive chemical test known. Tests. Chiefly physiological; tingling and numbness when applied to tongue or inner surface of cheek. Effects on mice, etc. A cadaveric alkaloid or ptomaine has been found in the body, possessing many of the actions of aconitine.
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