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Updated: June 21, 2025
The two systems were closed and communicated with each other only through certain pores or perforations in the septum separating the ventricles. It is difficult to understand how Galen missed the circulation of the blood.
The more these arteries are diseased and the more they are obstructed, the more the myocardium of the heart becomes degenerated, softened and weakened, when dilatation of the ventricles, especially the left, is liable to occur.
For neither are the conduits small, nor the contractions few in number, but frequent, and always in some certain proportion, whether it be a third or a sixth, or an eighth, to the total capacity of the ventricles, so that a like proportion of blood must be expelled, and a like proportion received with each stroke of the heart, the capacity of the ventricle contracted always bearing a certain relation to the capacity of the ventricle when dilated.
In embryos, consequently, whilst the lungs are yet in a state of inaction, performing no function, subject to no motion any more than if they had not been present, nature uses the two ventricles of the heart as if they formed but one, for the transmission of the blood.
A small muscle of the eye which assists in accommodation. Surrounded by a rampart, as are certain papillæ of the tongue. Applied to the process by which the blood clots or solidifies. The spiral cavity of the internal ear. Columnæ Carneæ. Fleshy projections in the ventricles of the heart. A joining or uniting together. Compress. A pad or bandage applied directly to an injury to compress it.
The auricles are prime movers of the blood, especially the right auricle, which, as already said, is "the first to live, the last to die"; whence they are subservient to sending the blood into the ventricles, which, contracting continuously, more readily and forcibly expel the blood already in motion; just as the ball- player can strike the ball more forcibly and further if he takes it on the rebound than if he simply threw it.
From here a narrow duct, called "the aqueduct of Sylvius," passes through the corpus quadrigeminum to the third cerebral ventricle, which lies between the two optic thalami; and this in turn is connected with the pairs of lateral ventricles which lie to the right and left in the large hemispheres. Thus all the cavities of the central marrow are directly interconnected.
The spinal cord seems to be a thick mass of nervous matter, but it has a narrow canal at its axis, which passes into the further cerebral ventricles above, and is filled, like these, with a clear fluid. The brain is a large nerve-mass, occupying the greater part of the skull, of most elaborate structure. On general examination it divides into two parts, the cerebrum and cerebellum.
You wish to be so ranked among the people and things that lead the age; consider the qualities you must have, and while you consider, keep your eye on Richard Wade, for he has them all in perfection. First, of your physical qualities. You must have lungs, not bellows; and an active heart, not an assortment of sluggish auricles and ventricles. You must have legs, not shanks.
And here I would observe, that whenever I speak of pulsations as occurring in the auricles or ventricles, I mean contractions: first the auricles contract, and then and subsequently the heart itself contracts.
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