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Updated: May 21, 2025
In the Indian countries these varieties have received distinct names just as our breeds of dogs and an elephant is valued according to the breed or caste to which he belongs; for in India caste is a universal idea, even among animals. There are two principal castes the Koomareah, of princely race; and the Merghee, or hunting elephant.
These two kinds differ a good deal as much, indeed, as if they were separate species. The koomareah is deep-bodied, strong, and compact, with a very large trunk and short thick legs. As a large trunk is considered the great beauty of an elephant, the koomareah is therefore preferred to the merghee; besides, he is also superior to the latter in strength and powers of endurance.
The merghee is a taller animal, but neither so compact nor so strong, and his trunk is short and slender in proportion to his height. He travels faster, however; and for this reason is oftener employed in the chase.
Asiatics recognise two main castes, or perhaps species, among their elephants. One known as "coomareah," is a deep-bodied, compact, and strong animal, with large trunk and short legs. The other called "merghee," is a taller kind, but neither so compact nor strong as the coomareah, nor has he so large a trunk. Occasionally a white elephant is met with.
A cross between these two varieties is called a Sunkareah, which signifies a mixed breed or mule; and in a herd of elephants there will be found not only sunkareahs, but several varieties of cross breeds between the koomareahs and merghees. These "mules" are prized if they partake more of the nature of the princely caste, and less valued when nearer to the merghee.
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