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Quarrel between Alva and Queen Elizabeth of England Spanish funds seized by the English government Non-intercourse between England and the Netherlands Stringent measures against heresy Continued persecution Individual cases Present of hat and sword to Alva from the Pope Determination of the Governor general to establish a system of arbitrary taxation in the provinces Assembly of estates at Brussels Alva's decrees laid before them The hundredth, tenth, and fifth pence Opposition of Viglius to the project Estates of various provinces give a reluctant consent Determined resistance of Utrecht The city and province cited before the Blood Council Sentence of confiscation and disfranchisement against both Appeal to the King Difficulty of collecting the new tax Commutation for two years Projects for a pardon-general Growing disfavour of the Duke His desire to resign his post Secret hostility between the Governor and Viglius Altered sentiments of the President Opinions expressed by Granvelle The pardon pompously proclaimed by the Duke at Antwerp Character of the amnesty Dissatisfaction of the people with the act Complaints of Alva to the King Fortunes and fate of Baron Montigny in Spain His confinement at Segovia His attempt to escape Its failure His mock trial His wife's appeal to Philip His condemnation His secret assassination determined upon Its details, as carefully prescribed and superintended by the King Terrible inundation throughout the Netherlands Immense destruction of life and property in Friesland Lowestein Castle taken by De Ruyter, by stratagem Recapture of the place by the Spaniards Desperate resistance and death of De Ruyter.

Nature, as if disposed to put to the blush the feeble cruelty of man, had thus wrought more havoc in a few hours, than bigotry, however active, could effect in many years. Nearly at the close of this year an incident occurred, illustrating the ferocious courage so often engendered in civil contests. On the western verge of the Isle of Bommel, stood the castle of Lowestein.

Nature, as if disposed to put to the blush the feeble cruelty of man, had thus wrought more havoc in a few hours, than bigotry, however active, could effect in many years. Nearly at the close of this year an incident occurred, illustrating the ferocious courage so often engendered in civil contests. On the western verge of the Isle of Bommel, stood the castle of Lowestein.

Quarrel between Alva and Queen Elizabeth of England Spanish funds seized by the English government Non-intercourse between England and the Netherlands Stringent measures against heresy Continued persecution Individual cases Present of hat and sword to Alva from the Pope Determination of the Governor general to establish a system of arbitrary taxation in the provinces Assembly of estates at Brussels Alva's decrees laid before them The hundredth, tenth, and fifth pence Opposition of Viglius to the project Estates of various provinces give a reluctant consent Determined resistance of Utrecht The city and province cited before the Blood Council Sentence of confiscation and disfranchisement against both Appeal to the King Difficulty of collecting the new tax Commutation for two years Projects for a pardon-general Growing disfavour of the Duke His desire to resign his post Secret hostility between the Governor and Viglius Altered sentiments of the President Opinions expressed by Granvelle The pardon pompously proclaimed by the Duke at Antwerp Character of the amnesty Dissatisfaction of the people with the act Complaints of Alva to the King Fortunes and fate of Baron Montigny in Spain His confinement at Segovia His attempt to escape Its failure His mock trial His wife's appeal to Philip His condemnation His secret assassination determined upon Its details, as carefully prescribed and superintended by the King Terrible inundation throughout the Netherlands Immense destruction of life and property in Friesland Lowestein Castle taken by De Ruyter, by stratagem Recapture of the place by the Spaniards Desperate resistance and death of De Ruyter.

Quarrel between Alva and Queen Elizabeth of England Spanish funds seized by the English government Non-intercourse between England and the Netherlands Stringent measures against heresy Continued persecution Individual cases Present of hat and sword to Alva from the Pope Determination of the Governor general to establish a system of arbitrary taxation in the provinces Assembly of estates at Brussels Alva's decrees laid before them The hundredth, tenth, and fifth pence Opposition of Viglius to the project Estates of various provinces give a reluctant consent Determined resistance of Utrecht The city and province cited before the Blood Council Sentence of confiscation and disfranchisement against both Appeal to the King Difficulty of collecting the new tax Commutation for two years Projects for a pardon-general Growing disfavour of the Duke His desire to resign his post Secret hostility between the Governor and Viglius Altered sentiments of the President Opinions expressed by Granvelle The pardon pompously proclaimed by the Duke at Antwerp Character of the amnesty Dissatisfaction of the people with the act Complaints of Alva to the King Fortunes and fate of Baron Montigny in Spain His confinement at Segovia His attempt to escape Its failure His mock trial His wife's appeal to Philip His condemnation His secret assassination determined upon Its details, as carefully prescribed and superintended by the King Terrible inundation throughout the Netherlands Immense destruction of life and property in Friesland Lowestein Castle taken by De Ruyter, by stratagem Recapture of the place by the Spaniards Desperate resistance and death of De Ruyter.

Afterward, when, as a partisan of Barneveldt, he was persecuted, condemned to perpetual imprisonment, and shut up in the castle of Löwestein, he wrote his treatise on the Rights of Peace and War, which for a long time was the code of all the publicists of Europe.

Nature, as if disposed to put to the blush the feeble cruelty of man, had thus wrought more havoc in a few hours, than bigotry, however active, could effect in many years. Nearly at the close of this year an incident occurred, illustrating the ferocious courage so often engendered in civil contests. On the western verge of the Isle of Bommel, stood the castle of Lowestein.

Nature, as if disposed to put to the blush the feeble cruelty of man, had thus wrought more havoc in a few hours, than bigotry, however active, could effect in many years. Nearly at the close of this year an incident occurred, illustrating the ferocious courage so often engendered in civil contests. On the western verge of the Isle of Bommel, stood the castle of Lowestein.