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Updated: June 21, 2025
The nerve is seen to be a bundle of axons, or nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue, while the ganglion is little more than a cluster of cell-bodies. *End-to-end Connections.*—These consist of loose end-to-end unions of the fiber branches of certain neurons with the dendrites of other neurons.
These are separated by a deep groove, extending from the front to the back of the brain, known as the median fissure. The hemispheres, however, are closely connected by a great band of underlying nerve fibers, called the corpus callosum. Short segment of the axis cylinder with collateral branches. At the base of the cerebrum three large masses of cell-bodies are to be found.
The ganglia contain the cell-bodies which serve as nutritive centers; and, in the case of the sympathetic ganglia, these cell-bodies are the places where the fiber terminations of one neuron connect with, and stimulate, other neurons.
It matters not at what place the spinal cord be cut, a central area of gray matter, resembling in form the capital letter H, is always found. The fibers connecting with the cell-bodies in the brain and spinal cord are gathered into bundles or tracts, and these pass through different parts somewhat as follows: 1.
On account of the great size of the cerebrum, the midbrain is entirely concealed from view when the other parts occupy their normal positions. The midbrain carries upon its back and upper surface four small rounded masses of cell-bodies, called the corpora quadrigemina.
To some extent, also, axons pass through ganglia with which they make no connection. The neurons in the brain and spinal cord also lie side by side, but their arrangement is more complex than that in the nerves and ganglia. Ganglion. 2. Nerve. In the ganglion of A are end-to-end connections of different neurons; in the ganglion of B are the cell-bodies of di-axonic neurons.
Guided by the white and gray colors of the nervous tissue, and also by the structures revealed by the microscope, physiologists have made out three general schemes in the grouping of cell-bodies, as follows: 1. That of surface distribution, the cell-bodies forming a thin but continuous layer over a given surface.
*Arrangement of the Neurons of the Brain and Cord.*—The cell-bodies in the brain and spinal cord are collected into groups, and their fibers extend from these groups to places that may be near or remote.
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