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Updated: May 4, 2025
The plants chiefly cultivated by them for subsistence were maize, magu, guegen, tuca, quinoa, pulse of various kinds, the potatoe, oxalis tuberosa, common and yellow pumpkin or gourd, guinea pepper, madi, and the great strawberry; of each of which it may be proper to give a short account . Maize or Turkey wheat, the Zea mais of botanists, is called gua by the Chilese.
They found just enough of level ground to enable them to stretch themselves, but they were contented with that. There was nothing for the animals to eat except the succulent, but thorny, leaves of the Cactus opuntia, or the more fibrous blades of the wild agave. This evening there were no quinoa seeds to be had, for none of these trees grew near.
Its rich silts, so well adapted for raising maize, habas beans, and quinoa, have always attracted farmers and are still intensively cultivated. It has been named "Lake Morkill" in honor of that loyal friend of scientific research in Peru, William L. Morkill, Esq., without whose untiring aid we could never have brought our Peruvian explorations as far along as we did.
A small, broom-like plant, that grew among the molle trees, soon attracted his attention. The quinoa seeds, when boiled, are both pleasant and nutritious, but especially so when boiled in milk. Previous to the discovery of America, "quinoa" was an article of food, supplying the place of wheat. It was much used by the natives, and is still collected for food in many parts.
The growing quinoa presents an attractive appearance; its leaves assume many colors. As we went down the valley the evidences of extensive cultivation, both ancient and modern, steadily increased. Great numbers of old terraces were to be seen.
Higher up on the slopes of the Cordilleras, beyond the limits of the maize and of the quinoa, a grain bearing some resemblance to rice, and largely cultivated by the Indians, was to be found the potato, the introduction of which into Europe has made an era in the history of agriculture.
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