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Updated: May 25, 2025


Aroused by the distant cannonading, and suspecting what had occurred, Don Juan d'Aquila, the colonel in command, marched without a moment's delay to Mansfeld's head-quarters, at the head of all the force he could muster about two hundred strong. With him came Cardona, Gonzales de Castro, Toralva, and other distinguished officers. As they arrived, Capizucca was just setting forth for the field.

Quite at the farther or land end of the Kowenstyn, was another fort, called the Stabroek, which commanded and raked the whole dyke, and was in the neighbourhood of Mansfeld's head-quarters.

Having gained the confidence of those about the Prince, he would suggest to them the great use which might be made of Mansfeld's signet in forging passports for spies and other persons whom it might be desirous to send into the territory of the royalists.

Aroused by the distant cannonading, and suspecting what had occurred, Don Juan d'Aquila, the colonel in command, marched without a moment's delay to Mansfeld's head-quarters, at the head of all the force he could muster about two hundred strong. With him came Cardona, Gonzales de Castro, Toralva, and other distinguished officers. As they arrived, Capizucca was just setting forth for the field.

It had consequently, after a six months' siege, been surrendered to the Spaniards under Prince Chimay, on the 19th of September; while, in December following, the city of Wachtendonk, between the Rhine and Meuse, had fallen into Mansfeld's hands.

Mansfeld was appointed captain-general of the city; Egmont, Horn, Orange, and the others agreed to serve under his orders, and all went down together to the townhouse. The magistrates were summoned, a general meeting of the citizens was convened, and the announcement made of Mansfeld's appointment, together with an earnest appeal to all honest men to support the Government.

Joint letter to Philip, from Orange, Egmont, and Horn Egmont's quarrel with Aerschot and with Aremberg Philip's answer to the three nobles His instructions to the Duchess Egmont declines the King's invitation to visit Spain Second letter of the three seigniors Mission of Armenteros Letter of Alva Secret letters of Granvelle to Philip The Cardinal's insinuations and instructions His complaints as to the lukewarmness of Berghen and Montigny in the cause of the inquisition Anecdotes to their discredit privately chronicled by Granvelle Supposed necessity for the King's presence in the provinces Correspondence of Lazarus Schwendi Approaching crisis Anxiety of Granvelle to retire Banquet of Caspar Schetz Invention of the foolscap livery Correspondence of the Duchess and of the Cardinal with Philip upon the subject Entire withdrawal of the three seigniors from the state council the King advises with Alva concerning the recall of Granvelle Elaborate duplicity of Philip's arrangements His secret note to the Cardinal His dissembling letters to others Departure of Granvelle from the Netherlands Various opinions as to its cause Ludicrous conduct of Brederode and Hoogstraaten Fabulous statements in Granvelle's correspondence concerning his recall Universal mystification The Cardinal deceived by the King Granvelle in retirement His epicureanism Fears in the provinces as to his return Universal joy at his departure Representations to his discredit made by the Duchess to Philip Her hypocritical letters to the Cardinal Masquerade at Count Mansfeld's Chantonnay's advice to his brother Review of Granvelle's administration and estimate of his character.

A determined and vigorous effort was soon to be made upon the Kowenstyn, in the very face of Parma; for it now seemed obvious that the true crisis was to come upon that fatal dyke. The great bulwark was three miles long. It reached from Stabroek in Brabant, near which village Mansfeld's troops were encamped, across the inundated country, up to the line of the Scheldt.

Having gained the confidence of those about the Prince, he would suggest to them the great use which might be made of Mansfeld's signet in forging passports for spies and other persons whom it might be desirous to send into the territory of the royalists.

Quite at the farther or land end of the Kowenstyn, was another fort, called the Stabroek, which commanded and raked the whole dyke, and was in the neighbourhood of Mansfeld's head-quarters.

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