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Updated: May 1, 2025
The permanence of the land commission was the most important result of the senate's determination to detach the political from the economic consequences of the Gracchan movement. But they tolerated rather than accepted it.
There must have been many of the Gracchan party, now left without a head, who burned for deliverance from such despicable masters. The death of Caius prolonged the Senate's misrule for twenty years.
The essential defect of the Gracchan revolution lay in a fact only too frequently overlooked in the nature of the then existing burgess-assemblies.
Never hitherto had the Roman aristocracy been so utterly deficient in men of statesmanly and military capacity, as it was during this epoch of restoration between the Gracchan and the Cinnan revolutions. Marcus Aemilius Scaurus A significant illustration of this is afforded by the chief of the senatorial party at this time, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus.
The three commissioners were not to judge but merely to preside; for in the constitution of this commission the new departure was taken of modelling it on the pattern of the newly established standing courts, and the judges who gave an uncontrolled and final verdict were men selected on the same qualifications as those which produced the Gracchan jurors, and were perhaps taken from the list already in existence for the trial of cases of extortion.
Perhaps the dissatisfaction with the senatorial government was not now less than it was then; but several of the hopes, which had brought to the Gracchi their most faithful adherents, had in the meanwhile been recognized as illusory, and there had sprung up in many minds a misgiving that this Gracchan agitation tended towards an issue whither a very large portion of the discontented were by no means willing to follow it.
Commissioned by the senate, the tribune of the people, Marcus Livius Drusus, proposed to relieve those who received land under the laws of Gracchus from the rent imposed on them, and to declare their allotments to be free and alienable property; and, further, to provide for the proletariat not in transmarine, but in twelve Italian, colonies, each of three thousand colonists, for the planting of which the people might nominate suitable men; only Drusus himself declined in contrast with the family complexion of the Gracchan commission to take part in this honorable duty.
The democracy had effected the re-establishment of the Gracchan constitution; but without a new Gracchus it was a body without a head, and that neither Pompeius nor Crassus could be permanently such a head, was in itself clear and had been made still clearer by the recent events.
How it fared with marriage and the rearing of children, is shown by the Gracchan agrarian laws, which first placed a premium on these.
How it fared with marriage and the rearing of children, is shown by the Gracchan agrarian laws, which first placed a premium on these.
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