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Mondeville, Guy de Chauliac, Linacre, Vesalius, Harvey, Steno, and many others who might be named, all studied in Italy, and secured their best opportunities to do their great work there.
Altogether he has some sixty pages of a quarto volume with regard to the various editions of Guy's works. The first manuscript edition of Guy de Chauliac was issued in 1363, the first printed edition in 1478. Even in the fourteenth century Guy's great work was translated into all the languages generally used in Europe.
Less precise and minute is the description of the great surgeon, Guido de Chauliac, who nobly stayed at Avignon for the six months during which the visitation was at its worst; but he too mentions the carbuncular swellings in the axillae and the groin, the purple spots, and the violent inflammation of the lungs, attended by fatal expectoration of blood.
Malgaigne, in his "History of Surgery," does not hesitate to say, "I do not fear to say that, Hippocrates alone excepted, there is not a single treatise on surgery, Greek, Latin, or Arabic, which I place above, or even on the same level with, this magnificent work, 'The Surgery of Guy de Chauliac." Daremberg said, "Guy seems to us a surgeon above all erudite, yet expert and without ever being rash.
Three men taught at the University of Montpellier at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century, John de Tornamira, Valesco de Taranta, and John Faucon. They cannot be compared, Gurlt says, with Guy de Chauliac, though they were physicians of reputation in their time. Faucon made a compendium of Guy's work for students.
Chauliac tells of the methods that Bertruccio used in order that bodies might be in as good condition as possible for demonstration purposes, and mentions the fact that he saw him do many dissections in different ways.
He served as chamberlain-physician to three Popes, Clement VI, Innocent VI, and Urban V. We do not know the exact date of his death, but when Pope Urban V went to Rome in 1367, Chauliac was putting the finishing touches on his "Chirurgia Magna," which, as he tells us, was undertaken as a solatium senectutis a solace in old age. When Urban returned to Avignon for a time in 1370 Chauliac was dead.
Guy de Chauliac has quoted Albucasis about two hundred times in his "Chirurgia Magna." Abulcasis insisted that for successful surgery a detailed knowledge of anatomy was, above all, necessary. He said that the reason why surgery had declined in his day was that physicians did not know their anatomy. The art of medicine, he added further, required much time.
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