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Updated: May 13, 2025
In the south of India, too, the Báhmanís had established a kingdom, and the Rájá of Vijayanagar exercised independent authority. There were, moreover, he found, a considerable number of Ráis and Rájás who had never submitted to Muhammadan kings. But the independence of these several princes did not, he soon recognised, constitute his greatest difficulty.
Tirumala then found himself in great straits, and sent ambassadors with large presents to Ibrahim Adil Shah, begging him to march to his assistance and promising that the Vijayanagar kingdom should be declared tributary to Bijapur.
Adil Shah received him with great apparent cordiality, and at length freely forgave him on the Khan's protestations that his intrigues with Vijayanagar and the Portuguese were only so many moves in a game undertaken for the advancement of the Sultan's interests.
The Sultan then reduced Rajahmundry, which had been held by a HINDU force not Muhammadan, as Firishtah declares. In November 1480 he marched from Rajahmundry to Kondavid, going "towards the kingdom of Vijayanagar."
Conti, who was in India about a century earlier than the war in question, told Bracciolini that the Vijayanagar army consisted of "a million of men and upwards." Twenty years later Nikitin states that the Kulbarga forces marching to attack the Hindus amounted to 900,000 foot, 190,000 horse, and 575 elephants.
He therefore left the field, and by skilful manoeuvring enabled the whole of his force to extricate themselves in safety from the hills. With between sixty and seventy thousand prisoners, mostly women, he retreated from Vijayanagar and sat down before Adoni; but after a siege lasting nine months the attempt was abandoned, and the Sultan retired to his own territories. Thus ended the campaign.
Ala-ud-din's first act was to despatch his brother Muhammad Khan with a powerful army against Deva Raya of Vijayanagar "who had withheld his tribute for five years and refused to pay the arrears.
Arrogance of Rama Raya Ahmadnagar attacked Muhammadans combine against Vijayanagar The league of the five kings Their advance to Talikota Decisive battle, 1565, and total defeat of the Hindus Death of Rama Raya Panic at Vijayanagar Flight of the royal family Sack of the great city Its total destruction Evidence of Federici, 1567 Downfall of Portuguese trade, and decay of prosperity at Goa.
They insulted the honour of the mussulmaun women, destroyed the mosques, and did not even respect the sacred koraun." This behaviour on the part of the Hindus so incensed the followers of Islam, not only the hostile subjects of Golkonda but even the allied troops and inhabitants of the Bijapur territories, that it laid the foundation for the final downfall and destruction of Vijayanagar.
They collected an immense army, defeated the troops of Vijayanagar at the battle of Talikota and sacked the city . In two other districts the Hindus were able to retain political independence until the time of Akbar, namely Orissa and Rajputana. The Mohammedans never occupied Rajputana, and though they captured the principal fortresses, they did not retain them.
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