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Updated: June 5, 2025
Now, an utterance has the quality of style when these two appeals of language the denotative and the connotative, the definite and the indefinite, the intellectual and the sensuous are so co-ordinated as to produce upon the reader or the listener an effect which is, not dual, but indissolubly single.
The writer with the gift of style forehears a rhythmic pattern into which he weaves such words as may be denotative of his thought; and all the while that he is striving to be definite and clear, he carries in his mind a subtle sense of the harmonic accompaniment of consonants, the melodious eloquence of vowels.
The French, who are more precise than we in their use of denotative terms, are accustomed to divide their novelistic fiction into what they call the roman, the nouvelle, and the conte.
But to interpret all these words as denoting Brahman is to set aside their special denotative power as established by etymology! To this objection the next Sutra replies. The 'but' sets aside the objection raised. In other words, as the terms 'fire' and so on have denotative power with regard to particular things only, their denotative power with regard to Brahman is secondary, indirect only.
Nor, again, can it be maintained that the denotative power of words with regard to accomplished things may be ascertained in the way of our inferring either the meaning of one word from the known meaning of other words, or the meaning of the radical part of a word from the known meaning of a formative element; for the fact is that we are only able to infer on the basis of a group of words known to denote a certain thing to be done, what the meaning of some particular constituent of that group may be.
'Why so? Because the denotative power of all words is dependent on the being of Brahman. For this we know from the scriptural passage which tells how names and forms were evolved by Brahman. Here terminates the adhikarana of 'fire. The Sutras so far have stated that this entire world, from Ether downwards, originates from the highest Brahman.
In every language those words which are denotative of sounds are nearly always also imitative of them. Such words, as, for example, "whisper," "thunder," "rattle," are in themselves stylistic. Alone, and apart from any context, they incorporate that cognate appeal of significance and sound which is the secret of style. Thus far the matter is extremely simple.
The child thus observing in course of time that these words of themselves give rise to certain ideas in his mind, and at the same time observing neither any different connexion of words and things, nor any person arbitrarily establishing such connexion, comes to the conclusion that the application of such and such words to such and such things is based on the denotative power of the words.
Now, an utterance has the quality of style when these two appeals of language the denotative and the connotative, the definite and the indefinite, the intellectual and the sensuous are so coördinated as to produce upon the reader or the listener an effect which is, not dual, but indissolubly single.
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