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Updated: May 25, 2025
Expedition to the Marmaros Mountains Railways in Hungary The train stopping for a rest The Alföld Shepherds of the plain Wild appearance of the Rusniacks Slavs of Northern Hungary Marmaros Szigeth Difficulty in slinging a hammock The Jews of Karasconfalu Soda manufactory at Boeska Romantic scenery Salt mines Subterranean lake.
This is a rare occurrence in Hungary, and it ought not to have been the case here, for there are good vineyards close to the town. It was getting towards evening before our train appeared, and when it stopped at the station as wild a looking crew turned out of the carriages as I ever remember to have seen. On inquiry I found that these people were Rusniacks.
Our object was to see the timber-rafts pass over the rapids; it was a very exciting scene, and as this was a favourable season, owing to the state of the river, we came in just at the right time. The Rusniacks the people generally employed in this perilous work certainly display great skill and coolness in the management of their ticklish craft.
It is thought, and it would seem probable, that the very fact of the military conscription will help to civilise these Rusniacks by drawing them out of their savage isolation in the wild valleys of the Marmaros Mountains. There are many peculiarities respecting the races inhabiting the northern parts of Hungary.
There is the original substratum of Slavs, overlaid by Szeklers, Magyars, German immigrants, Wallacks, Rusniacks, Jews, and gipsies. An old German writer has quaintly described the characteristics of these various peoples in the following manner:
These Rusniacks, or "Little Russians," as they are called, are tolerably numerous not less than 470,000, according to statistical returns. They are to be found almost exclusively in the north-east of Hungary. They were fugitives in the old days from Russia, to whom they are intensely antagonistic, having probably suffered from her persecutions.
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