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Updated: May 5, 2025
Thus, Mulungu, or Mlungu, used as a proper name, 'is said to be the great spirit, msimu, of all men, a spirit formed by adding all the departed spirits together. Expressions of this kind among the natives are partly traditional, and partly dictated by the big thoughts of the moment. Philosophy it is, but a philosophy dependent on the ghost theory. I go on to show that the Wayao have, though Mr.
'In the native hypothesis about creation "the people of Mulungu" play a very important part. These ministers of his who do his pleasure are, therefore, as is Mulungu himself, regarded as prior to the existing world. Therefore they cannot, in Wayao opinion, be ghosts of the dead at all; nor can we properly call them 'spirits. They are beings, original, creative, but undefined.
On this point we are left in uncertainty, just because Mr. Macdonald could not ascertain the secrets of his mysteries, which, in Australia, have been revealed to a few Europeans. Where Mulungu is used as a proper name, it 'certainly points to a personal Being, by the Wayao sometimes said to be the same as Mtanga.
Among the Wayao and Mang’anja of the Shirehighlands, south of Lake Nyassa, a man on marrying leaves his own village and goes to live in that of his wife; but, as an alternative, he is allowed to pay a bride-price, in which case he takes his wife away to his home.
The Supreme Being, in spite of the potency which his supposed place as latest evolved out of the ghost-world should naturally give him, is neglected, either as half forgotten, or for philosophical reasons. For these reasons Epicurus and Lucretius make their gods otiosi, unconcerned, and the Wayao, with their universal collective spirit, are no mean philosophers.
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