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Updated: May 29, 2025
Add cyphers so as to make into a number of four figures, then strike out the unit and decimal point farthest to the left, and divide the residue by 5, and you get the corresponding Twaddell degrees. If you have Twaddell degrees, simply multiply by 5, and add 1000 to the result, and you get the specific gravity as usually taken, with water as the unit, or in this case as 1000.
The Twaddell hydrometer, or instrument for measuring the specific gravities of liquids, is so constructed that when it stands in water, the water is just level with its zero or 0° mark. Well, since in your reading of methods and new processes, you will often meet with specific gravity numbers and desire to convert these into Twaddell degrees, I will give you a simple means of doing this.
A body of specific gravity 1·5, or 1-1/2, means that that body is 1-1/2 or 1·5 times as heavy as water. As hat manufacturers, you will have mostly to do with the specific gravities of liquids, aqueous solutions, and you will hear more of Twaddell degrees.
There is a process known called the stripping of wool, and it consists in destroying the colour of wool and woollen goods already dyed, in order that they may be re-dyed. Listen, however, to the important precautions followed: A nitric acid not stronger than from 3° to 4° Twaddell is used, and care is taken not to prolong the action more than three or four minutes. Action of Alkalis.
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