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Updated: June 20, 2025
If we represent the character of femaleness by F and maleness or the recessive by f, we have the ordinary sexual union represented by Ffxff; the gametes will then be F+f and f+f and the fertilisations Ff and ff, or males and females in equal numbers, as they are, at least approximately, in fact.
In his own experiments he found this was recessive to the white-skin character of the Brown Leghorn, and he assumes that the genetic properties of Gallus bankiva with regard to skin pigment are similar to those of the Brown Leghorn.
Still more striking was the incomplete segregation in the plumage colour. The white of the Silky was recessive, all the birds of the F1 generation being fully coloured. In the F2 generation there were two recessive white cocks which when mature showed slight yellow colour across the loins.
The Mendelians have emphasized the rôle of the unit factor in heredity, and the conservation of the unit factor as an entity through all the adventures of matings. Also, that when unit factors, say of the color of the eyes, come into conflict, brown or black being mixed with blue or grey, one, the recessive, is submerged and overlaid but not destroyed by the other, the dominant.
When one sees the fragile woman aggressive, the masculinoid woman submissive, one may infer an education of experience that has brought the usually recessive glands into the foreground, and by their hyperactivity imposed a bisexuality of function upon a unisexual anatomic structure. A man apparently as formidable as a tyrannosaurus, may be ruled by his wife for the same reason.
Experiments with flowers likewise show that the recessive color will reappear. Also experiments with the interbreeding of animals have shown similar results. The recessive or disappearing characteristics, or the disappearing variety, will appear again, in some subsequent generation, and sometimes becomes permanent.
It is, however, curious to consider that the factor which produces intense pigmentation of the skin and all the connective tissue in the Silky fowl has no effect on the colour of the plumage in that breed, which is a recessive white.
This law prevails widely in nature, and the recessive traits appear with the dominant traits.
If we denote the presence of the normal factor by N and its absence or recessive by n, then the male is Nn, while the female is homozygous or NN. But in addition to this it is the male in this case which is heterozygous for sex, and n goes to the male-producing sperms, N to the female-producing. Thus in the mating of normal man with normal woman the transmission is as follows:
Briefly, the law states that when two pure traits or characters are crossed, one dominates in the first generation of offspring the other remaining hidden or recessive. Of the second generation, one-half the individuals are still mixed, bearing the dominant characteristic externally and the other hidden; one-fourth are pure dominants and one-fourth are pure recessives.
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