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Updated: May 28, 2025
The Chinese critics nave carefully traced the line of scholars who had charge of Mao's Text and Explanations down to the reign of Phing. The names of the men and their works are all given. By the end of the first quarter of our first century we find the most famous scholars addicting themselves to Mao's text. The former of these two works complete, and portions of the latter, are still extant.
In the meantime, Mao Tse-tung had given up his studies in Peking and had returned to his home in Hunan. Here, he organized his countrymen, the farmers of Hunan. It is said that at the verge of the northern expedition of Chiang Kai-shek, Mao's adherents in Hunan already numbered in the millions; this made the quick and smooth advance of the communist-advised armies of Chiang Kai-shek possible.
But when Mao no longer published the Preface as a separate document, but each ode appeared with the introductory notice as a portion of the text, this seemed to give it the authority of the text itself. Then after the other texts disappeared and Mao's had the field to itself, this means of testing the accuracy of its prefatory notices no longer existed.
When a collection is made of their peculiar readings, so far as it can now be done, it is clear that their variations from one another and from Mao's text arose from the alleged fact that the preservation of the odes was owing to their being transmitted by recitation.
The remaining communists retreated to the Hunan-Kiangsi border area, the centre of Mao's activities; even the orthodox communist wing, which had condemned Mao, now had to come to him for protection from the KMT. A small communist state began to develop in Kiangsi, in spite of pressure and, later, attacks of the KMT against them.
After the time of King the other three texts were little heard of, while the name of the commentators on Mao's text speedily becomes legion. The grave of Mao Kang is still shown near the village of Zun-fu, in the departmental district of Ho-kien, Kih-li. The different texts guarantee the genuineness of the recovered Shih.
This eclipse is verified by calculation as having taken place in B.C. 776, on August 29th, the very day and month assigned to it in the poem. The Preface to the Shih. In the Preface which appeared along with Mao's text of the Shih, the occasion and authorship of many of the odes are given; but I do not allow much weight to its testimony.
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