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The development of interior decoration in temples, monasteries, and palaces was due to progress on the part of lacquerers and painters. Koze Kanaoka was the first to be thus honored, and it is on record that he was engaged to paint figures of arhats on the sliding doors of the palace.

*It is on this occasion that we hear of Koze no Kanaoka, the first Japanese artist of great repute. The suffix in was now first used for the names of retired Emperors. His son, Daigo, who now ascended the throne, was thirteen years old, but no Fujiwara regent was appointed, Tokihira, the one person eligible in respect of lineage, being precluded by youth.

At the same time, it is only just to note that he found ready coadjutors among the jealous schoolmen of the time. Rival colleges, rival academies, and rival literati quarrelled with all the rancour of medieval Europe. The great luminaries of the era were Sugawara Michizane, Ki no Haseo, Koze no Fumio, Miyoshi Kiyotsura, and Tachibana Hiromi. There was little mutual recognition of talent.

Kudara no Kawanari and Koze no Kanaoka, the first Japanese painters to achieve great renown, flourished in the ninth and tenth centuries, as did also a famous architect, Hida no Takumi.

The roles which the five uji mentioned above acted in subsequent history deserve to be studied, and will therefore be briefly set down here. This uji had for founder Koze no Ogara. Thereafter, the heads of the uji occupied prominent positions under successive sovereigns. Soga no Ishikawa founded this uji. Iname's son, Umako, and the latter's son, Yemishi, will be much heard of hereafter.

Hitherto penmanship in Kyoto had taken for models the style of Kobo Daishi and Ono no Tofu. In Kyoto, painting was represented by the schools of Koze, Kasuga, Sumiyoshi, and Tosa; in Kamakura, its masters were Ma Yuan, Hsia Kwei, and Mu Hsi, who represented the pure Southern Academy of China, and who were followed by Sesshu, Kao, and Shubun.

Kume, an eminent Japanese historian, explains, however, that Takenouchi was the name not of a person but of a family, and that it was borne by different scions in succeeding reigns. They were Hata no Yashiro, Koze no Ogara, Soga no Ishikawa, Heguri no Tsuku, Ki no Tsunu, Katsuragi no Sotsu, and Wakugo. From these were descended the five uji of Koze, Soga, Heguri, Ki, and Katsuragi.