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Updated: July 6, 2025
The length of the breathing-tube is correlated with the feeding-habits of the larvæ. The last segment has at its tip four thin flat plates, the tracheal gills. These too are larger or smaller according to the habits of the larvæ.
The head and thorax are closely united and a close inspection will reveal the head, antennæ, wings and legs of the adult mosquito folded away beneath the pupal skin. Instead of the breathing-tube on the eighth segment of the abdomen as in the larva, the pupa has two trumpet-shaped tubes on the back of the thorax through which it now gets its air from above the surface.
Most species have on the eighth abdominal segment a rather long breathing-tube the tip of which is thrust just above the surface of the water when they come up for air.
Those species that feed close to the surface and have the tip of the breathing-tube above the surface most of the time have very small tracheal gills, while those that feed mostly on the bottom have them well developed. When first hatched the larvæ are of course very small. If the weather is warm and the food is abundant they grow very rapidly.
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