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Certain economic changes are helping in this work; so the wealth imported from America helps to break up the big properties, those latifundia which, says an Italian authority, "are synonymous with malaria." The ideal condition the extirpation of anophelines will never be attained; nor is it of vital importance that it should be. Far more pressing is the protection of man against their attacks.

These ravenous fiumare have become a feature in Calabrian scenery; underneath one of the most terrible of them lies the birthplace of Praxiteles. Dry or half-dry during the warm months, and of formidable breadth, such torrent-beds the stagnant water at their skirts are ideal breeding-places for the anophelines from their mouth up to a height of 250 metres.

One single malarious patient may inoculate an entire village, hitherto immune, granted the anophelines are there to propagate the mischief. By means of these annual migrations the scourge has spread, in the past. And so it spreads to-day, whenever possible.

"'ESCHATA. A gnat. "'AUTOS. A gnat? "'ESCHATA. Even so." Thus I wrote, while yet unaware that such pests as anophelines existed upon earth. . . . At the same time, I think we must be cautious in following certain deductions of our author; that theory of brutality, for example, as resulting from malaria.

Of forty labourers that left Caulonia for Cotrone in 1908 all returned infected save two, who had made liberal use of quinine as a prophylactic. Fortunately, there are no anophelines at Caulonia. Greatly, indeed, must this country have changed since olden days; and gleaning here and there among the ancients, Dr. Genovese has garnered some interesting facts on this head.