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Actualizado: 5 de junio de 2025
In front of the stage and around the walls were benches, those in the latter position rising in tiers. On the left hand and on a level with the ground was the cazuela or women's gallery. The ground to the rear of the benches in front of the stage was open and formed the "standing-room" of the theater.
He did not make the Spanish drama so much as he permitted it to be made in and through him, and by so doing he reconciled all classes to himself; he was as popular with the erudite as he was with the masses, for his plays have a variety, facility, and poetic beauty that won the favor of all.
The Escenas montañesas are direct descendants of the Escenas andaluzas and the Escenas matritenses. The better known works of Pereda are Don Gonzalo González de la Gonzalera, Pedro Sánchez, and Sotileza. At one time he also sought to become a realist, but his nature revolted. He was always an idealist, and at times a mystic.
These Spanish Short Stories are, for the most part, realistic pictures of the manners and customs of modern Spain, written by masters of Spanish prose. All were written in the second half of the nineteenth century or in the first decade of the twentieth, except the story by Larra, which was written about seventy-five years ago.
Madrid, with all its unsightliness, was one of the most brilliant courts of Europe and attracted to itself the most gifted subjects of the realm.
In the villages and towns they were simply the plaza or other open space in which the rude stage and paraphernalia were temporarily set up. Quoting from Cervantes, Ticknor says of the theater of Lope de Rueda: "The theater was composed of four benches, arranged in a square, with five or six boards laid across them, that were thus raised about four palms from the ground.
Although modern realism triumphed in Spain only with the coming of Fernán Caballero's La gaviota in 1848, the ground was prepared in advance by several writers, the more important of whom are Larra, Estébanez de Calderón and Mesonero Romanos.
In the light of the recent information cited above, we know also that Lope's career immediately after 1587 was quite different from what his contemporary Montalvan had led the world long to believe.
He wrote also many ballads, not a few of which have been preserved, and we know that, at the time of his banishment, he was perhaps the most popular poet of the day.
Larra's most enduring works are his critical reviews and his essays on manners. This volume was published in 1847, but many of the articles had appeared much earlier in periodicals. The author was a kindly scoffer, and in this work he gave merry pictures of Madrid customs, written simply and accurately in language that was chosen but diffuse.
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Otros Mirando