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Updated: May 16, 2025
Massena, who directed it, at first obliged Wellington to retreat, and took Oporto and Olivenca; but the English general having entrenched himself in the strong position of Torres-Vedras, Massena, unable to force it, was compelled to evacuate the country. While the war was proceeding in the peninsula with advantage, but without any decided success, a new campaign was preparing in the north.
Naturally Moorish details are more often found in secular than in religious buildings: yet there are churches where such details exist even if the general plan and design is Christian. Just to the north of the cathedral of Evora, Rodrigo Affonso de Mello, count of Olivença, in 1485 founded a monastery for the Loyos, or Canons Secular of St. John the Evangelist.
He advanced then, with Marshal Mortier and the fifth corps, to the attack of Olivenca, which did not oppose a long resistance. On the 27th of January he invested Badajoz. The place was strong, protected by the Guadiana and by solid ramparts; it communicated by a stone bridge with Fort St. Cristoval, built upon the right bank, and defending the entrenched camp of Santa Engracia.
Paulo de Olivenca, a village higher up than any I had yet visited, being 260 miles distant, in a straight line, from Ega, or about 400 miles following the bends of the river. The waters were now nearly at their lowest point; but this made no difference to the rate of travelling, night or day.
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