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Updated: June 4, 2025
Kasra is the title of the King of Persia, hence the Greek forms Cyrus and Chosroes, and most probably the more modern forms Caesar, Kaisar, and Czar. The form Kisra used in the text is generally applied to Naushirwan. Vide note 3, page 13. Ni'man, also Nu'man, the name of an ancient king of Hirat, in Arabia. The first day of the new year, which is celebrated with great splendour and rejoicings.
I now commence my tale; pay attention to it, and be just to its merits. In the "Adventures of the Four Darwesh, " it is thus written, and the narrator has related, that formerly in the Empire of Rum there reigned a great king, in whom were innate justice equal to that of Naushirwan, and generosity like that of Hatim.
The word Rum means that empire of which Constantinople is the capital, and sometimes called, in modern times, Romania. It was originally applied to the Eastern Roman Empire, and, at present, it denotes Turkey in Europe and Asia. Naushirwan was a king of Persia, who died in A.D. 578. He is celebrated in oriental history for his wisdom and justice. During his reign Muhammad the prophet was born.
"At last, we arrived in a country which lay between the boundaries of the kingdoms of Zerbad and Sarandip; a city appeared, which was more populous than Constantinople, and the climate very fine and agreeable. On finding that the king of that country was more renowned for his justice than Naushirwan , and also for being the protector of his subjects; my heart was greatly rejoiced.
The Musalmans consider our doctrine of the Trinity as a deadly error. Sarandip is the name for the island of Ceylon among the Arabs and Persians, as well as the Musalmans of India. The ancient Hindu name was Lanka, applied both to the island and its capital. The term kisra is evidently applied here to Naushirwan, not to Cyrus, as is stated in some books.
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