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Updated: June 27, 2025
As early as 1899 in an address at the University on, Die Lehre vom Organismus und ihre Beziehung zur Sozialwissenschaft, Hertwig gave expression to views which are very little in harmony with the doctrines proceeding from Jena, and which are also put forth in his manual, The Cell and the Tissue.
For while it was very well adapted to bring about in educated circles a fermentation which produced beneficial results, in uncritical lay-circles this ferment produced nothing but a corruption of world-views. Hertwig then designates "Struggle for Existence," Survival of the Fittest, and Selection, as "very indefinite expressions."
These are all important admissions which one would certainly have considered impossible twenty years ago; they unequivocally indicate the decline of Darwinian views, and in a certain way also harmonize with Fleischmann's work. True, Hertwig still clings to the thought of Descent, but apparently no longer as to a conclusion of natural science.
Oscar Hertwig, de Vries, Driesch and others attempt to reconcile the preformationist and the epigenetic standpoints, and “to extract what is good and usable out of both.” Hertwig and Driesch, however, can only be mentioned with reservations in this connection.
This simple primary pericardial cavity has been well called by Gegenbaur the "head-coeloma," and by Hertwig the "pericardial breast-cavity." As it now encloses the heart, it may also be called cardiocoel. The cardiocoel, or head-coelom, is often disproportionately large in the Amniotes, the simple cardiac tube growing considerably and lying in several folds.
Hertwig next points out that the problem of Descent stirred scientific as well as lay circles twice during the past century. He then pays Lamarck and Darwin the necessary tribute, at which we cannot take offense since he was reared in the Darwinian atmosphere of Jena.
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