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Updated: May 6, 2025
Those made from No. 1 pig iron the most graphitic and costly broke more easily than those from No. 2, and so on until those made from No. 4 were tested, when the maximum strength was reached. No. 4 pig iron was in fracture a pale gray, bordering on mottled. Several points regarding foundry operations in the production of chilled castings were raised for discussion.
Some of the physical characteristics of chilled iron, as well as the surprising locomotive properties of carbon present in heated iron, were noticed. Attention was called to some German data, published by Dr. Percy in 1864, concerning an iron which before melting weighed approximately 448¼ lb. per cubic foot, and contained approximately 4 per cent. of carbon 3¼ being graphitic and ¾ combined.
The chilled portion of a casting from this had a specific gravity equivalent to 471 lb. per cubic foot, and contained 5 per cent. of carbon, all combined. The soft portion of the same casting weighed 447¾ lb. per cubic foot, and contained 34.5 per cent. of carbon 31.5 being graphitic and 3.5 combined. Mr. Morgans doubted whether so great an increase in density often arises from chilling.
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