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When he died, O Srinjaya, who was superior to thee, as regards the four cardinal virtues, and who, superior to thee, was much superior to thy son, thou shouldst not grieve, saying "Oh, Swaitya, Oh, Swaitya," for the latter who performed no sacrifice and made no sacrificial present."" ""Narada said, 'Dilipa, the son of Havila, too, O Srinjaya, we hear, fell a prey to death.
So the country west of the Euphrates answers very well to Havila without any forcing, and without any placing it there because of the river rendering such a plan necessary. The channel is, however, identified independently of the name. For the Gihon is particularized in the narrative, by the fact that it "compasses" the land of Cush.
We have also in Gen. xxv. 8, mention of a land of Havila that is "before" i.e., eastward of "Egypt as thou goest toward Assyria," which would answer very well to this locality, west of the Euphrates. Pliny also mentions "Bdellium," if that was the substance known as "B'dolach."
Finding a Gihon ready, the commentators next made the Pison, the Acampsis; and then as Pison was near the "Havila land," this country was laid on the extreme north of Armenia; all this without a particle of evidence of any kind. I may here take the opportunity of remarking that a chance similarity of names has been, throughout the controversy, a fruitful source of enlarged speculative wandering.
The problem is then at once narrowed; and it is simply unreasonable to look for Havila in India, or for Pison in the province of Burma, as one learned author does! As regards the allegorical interpretations, they are too extravagant for serious notice. Souls, angels, human passions and motives, are supposed to be represented by towns, rivers, and countries.
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