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It was just about Milton's time that the college tutor finally supplanted the university professor, a system which implied the substitution of excercises performed by the pupil for instruction given by the teacher. Whatever advantages this system brought with it, it brought inevitably the degradation of the teacher, who was thus dispensed from knowledge, having only to attend to form.

As In all bodily Excercises, a good Air, Freedom, Vigour, and a just Disposition of the Body and Limbs are necessary, so are they more especially in Fencing, the least Disorder in this Case being of the worst Consequence; and the Guard being the Center whence all the Vigour should proceed, and which should communicate Strength and Agility to every Part of the Body, if there be the least Irregularity in any one Part, there cannot be that Agreeableness, Power of Defence, Justness, or Swiftness that is requisite.

William Harvey, Anatomical Excercises on the Generation of Animals, trans. Robert Willis, London, 1847, p. 462. Ibid., pp. 336-339. Works of William Harvey, trans. Robert Willis, London, 1847, pp. lxx-lxxi. Harvey, op. cit., pp. 462-463. Ibid., p. 457. F. J. Cole, Early Theories of Sexual Generation, Oxford, 1930, p. 140. Thomas Browne, The Works, ed. Geoffrey Keynes, Chicago, 1964, I, 261-262.