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Updated: May 16, 2025
In the troughs of the foldings thus formed the coal-measures rest, those portions which had been thrown up as anticlines having suffered loss by denudation.
In some places he finds that the valleys have become hills and the hills have become valleys, or that the anticlines and synclines, as he calls them, have changed places as a result of the unequal hardness of the rocks. Over all the older parts of the country the original features have been so changed by erosion that, could they be suddenly restored, one would be lost on his home farm.
The Juras are an example of the stage of early youth, in which the anticlines still persist as ridges and the synclines coincide with the valleys; this they owe as much to the slight height of their uplift as to the recency of its date.
Under long-continued erosion, anticlines may be degraded to valleys, while the synclines of the same system may be left in relief as ridges. FOLDED MOUNTAINS. The vastness of the forces which wrinkle the crust is best realized in the presence of some lofty mountain range. All mountains, indeed, are not the result of folding.
FAN FOLDS have been so pinched that the original anticlines are left broader at the top than at the bottom. In folds where the compression has been great the layers are often found thickened at the crest and thinned along the limbs.
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