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1/18 > sin 3° > 1/20, 1/45 > sin 1° > 1/60, 1 > cos 1° > 89/90. The main results obtained are that the diameter of the sun is between 18 and 20 times the diameter of the moon, that the diameter of the moon is between 2/45ths and 1/30th of the distance of the centre of the moon from our eye, and that the diameter of the sun is between 19/3rds and 43/6ths of the diameter of the earth.
A. The method of computation will be as follows: to find the dimensions of a malleable iron paddle shaft, so that the strain shall not exceed 5/6ths of the elastic force, or 5/6ths of the force iron is capable of withstanding without permanent derangement of structure, which in tensile strains is taken at 17,800 lbs. per square inch: multiply the pressure in lbs. per square inch on the piston by the square of the diameter of the cylinder in inches, and the length of the crank in inches, and extract the cube root of the product, which, multiplied by 0.08264, will be the diameter of the paddle shaft journal in inches when of malleable iron, whatever the pressure of the steam may be.
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