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Thus, in the mountain village of Baay the sky is considered as a male spirit the husband of the earth, and father of sun and moon. Again, in Lagangilang and Abang, the thunderbolt is identified as Kadaklan the most powerful of all spirits who "often eats the ground and releases his wife Agemem."

The people of Agsimo and Balantai suffered defeat in a raid carried on against Dagara in 1907, and at the time of our visit a number of the warriors still bore open wounds received in that fight. In the same year at least three unsuccessful attacks, probably by lone warriors, were made against individuals of Lagangilang, Likuan, and Lakub.

Thus, in the mountain village of Baay the sky is considered as a male spirit the husband of the earth, and father of sun and moon. Again, in Lagangilang and Abang, the thunderbolt is identified as Kadaklan the most powerful of all spirits who "often eats the ground and releases his wife Agemem."

A spirited account of a head celebration seen in the village of Lagangilang from which ten of these tales were collected will be found in the writings of La Gironiere, already referred to.

A spirited account of a head celebration seen in the village of Lagangilang from which ten of these tales were collected will be found in the writings of La Gironiere, already referred to.

As payment for their services, the mediums received a small portion of the pig, some rice, beads, a little money, and cloth. The acts and conversation of the spirits when summoned in Dawak are well illustrated by the following. A woman of Lagangilang was ill with dysentery; and a medium, in this instance, a man, was instructed to make Dawak.

To protect the Christianized natives, as well as to aid in the conversion of these heathens, the Spanish, in 1598, entered the valley of the Abra and established a garrison at the village of Bangued. As before, the natives abandoned their homes and retreated several miles farther up the river, where they established the settlement of Lagangilang.

Otherwise the ceremony will be held about once in seven years, or when the spirit structure known as balaua is in need of repairs. Originally this appears to have been a seventeen-day ceremony, as it still is in Manabo, Patok, Lagangilang, and neighboring villages, but in San Juan, Lagayan, Danglas, and some other settlements it now lasts only five or seven days.