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Mis à jour: 12 juillet 2025
In 1557 he had charge of the army sent into Italy at the request of Paul IV., to undertake the conquest of the kingdom of Naples. After the disastrous defeat of Saint-Quentin, he was placed in command of all the armies, both within and without the kingdom; then followed a series of brilliant victories for the French, resulting in the capture of Calais, Guines, and Thionville.
He was one of the hostages sent into England to confirm the treaty of peace between the two countries. In 1558 he was placed in command of the armies in Piedmont. After the battle of Gravelines, he was appointed lieutenant-général of the kingdom, but soon relinquished this office in favor of the Prince of Condé.
Her checkered career from this time on is well known. He was married to Mary Stuart in 1558 and the next year ascended the throne of France. Owing to his weak health and mental incapacity the affairs of the kingdom fell into the hands of the Guises, uncles of Mary Stuart. This led to great discontent among the people, which was aggravated by the fierce religious factions of the times.
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