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XXV. quaest. ulti. non observetis. It is called Strena as if from sine threna, i.e. without lamentation. Also Rabanus on the Afflictions of the Church: The blessed Jerome is beaten by an angel because he was reading the works of Cicero.

In Magaster, a city which according to Marco Polo, was governed by "four old men," they sold "vast quantities of elephants' teeth." Rabanus, a follower of Alcuin, born in 776, was the author of an interesting encyclopædia, rejoicing in the comprehensive title, "On the Universe."

Rabanus Maurus testifies that hymns were in general usage in the second part of the ninth century. This is the opinion of Gueranger, Pimont, Blume and Baumer.

There have been likewise, of this order, 20 emperors and 10 empresses, 47 kings and above 50 queens, 20 sons of emperors, and 48 sons of kings; about 100 princesses, daughters of kings and emperors; besides dukes, marquises, earls, countesses, etc., innumerable. The order has produced a vast number of authors and other learned men. Their Rabanus set up the school of Germany.

Rabanus Maurus, abbot of Fulda, and afterwards archbishop of Mentz, has left an interesting account of the studies of this period; it shews that all were referred to theology, and only considered to be useful so far as they could be made serviceable to sacred learning. Such a plan of study could conduce but little to the advancement of general literature or science.