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Such an one, for instance, was that small but famous spring at Biddings, in Derbyshire, from which the late Mr Young Paraffin Young obtained his well-known paraffin oil, which gave the initial impetus to what has since developed into a trade of immense proportions in every quarter of the globe. After a time the crude coal-naphtha ceases to flow over, and the heat is increased.
After the distillation of benzene from the crude coal-naphtha is completed, the chief impurities in the residue are charred and deposited by the action of strong sulphuric acid. By further distillation a lighter oil is given off, often known as artificial turpentine oil, which is used as a solvent for varnishes and lackers.
Boghead coal, also known as "Torebanehill mineral," gives Boghead naphtha, while the crude naphtha obtained from shales is often quoted as shale-oil. In chemical composition these naphthas are closely related to one another, and by fractional distillation of them similar series of products are obtained as those we have already seen as obtained from the crude coal-naphtha of coal-tar.
These first products are known as first light oils, or crude coal-naphtha, and to this naphtha all the numerous natural naphthas which have been discovered in various portions of the world, and to which have been applied numerous local names, bear a very close resemblance.
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