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Updated: May 26, 2025
On October 1, 1813, the Argentine army was badly defeated at Vilcapuyo, and in the same year it was again defeated at Ayouma. On this the Spaniards, seeing that their star was again in the ascendant, resumed possession of Chuquisaca and Potosi. San Martin was now sent to take charge of operations in Peru.
The better to control the situation, the former went up to La Paz and the latter to Chuquisaca, the capital, where a Congress was to assemble for the purpose of imparting a more orderly turn to affairs. Under the direction of the "Marshal of Ayacucho," as Sucre was now called, the Congress issued on the 6th of August a formal declaration of independence.
He opened the ports to English vessels, and the commercial situation of the country, which had been deplorable, improved immediately. In the meanwhile some revolutionary outbreaks at Chuquisaca and La Paz were suppressed by the Royalist troops with a brutality and wanton slaughtering which roused a storm of indignation in Buenos Aires.
All that the inhabitants think about are the King, the Queen Regent, yachts, bull fights, and the latest fashions in trousers. San Sebastian is a conglomeration of parvenus and upstarts from Pamplona, Saragossa, Valladolid, Chile and Chuquisaca, who are anxious to show themselves off.
He issued orders from Chuquisaca to have the Venezuelan soldiers sent back to their country from Peru. He even went so far as to entertain thoughts of the independence of Cuba and Porto Rico. In January, 1826, he left Chuquisaca for the coast and from there he sailed for Peru, and a month later reached Lima, where he rendered an account of what he had done in Upper Peru and in the South.
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