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Updated: May 5, 2025
The remains of vegetables are all that we meet with in the most ancient strata deposited by the waters; still, they belong to plants of the simplest structure, to ferns, to species of rushes, to lycopodes. As we ascend into the upper strata, vegetation becomes more and more complex.
The lycopodes which, in the present day, whether in cold or temperate climates, are creeping-plants rising hardly to the height of a decimètre above the soil; which even at the equator, under the most favourable circumstances, do not attain a height of more than one mètre, had in Europe, in the primitive world, an altitude of twenty-five mètres.
There exist, in the present day, willow grass or marshy rushes, ferns, and lycopodes, in Europe as well as in the tropical regions; but they are not met with in large dimensions, except in warm countries. Thus, to compare together the dimensions of the same plants is, in reality, to compare, in respect to temperature, the regions where they are produced.
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