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Similarly the tibialis posterior may be displaced over the medial malleolus as a result of inversion of the foot. The long tendon of the biceps may be dislocated laterally or more frequently medially as a result of violent or repeated rotation movements of the arm, such as are performed in wringing clothes.
It also occurs as a result of excessive piano-playing, fencing, or rowing. At the ankle it affects the peronei, the extensor digitorum longus, or the tibialis anterior. It is most often met with in relation to the tendo-calcaneus Achillo-dynia and results from the pressure of ill-fitting boots or from the excessive use and strain of the tendon in cycling, walking, or dancing.
Of the upper part of the leg: The rectus femoris, the large muscle on the front of the leg which connects at the lower end with the kneepan. Of the lower leg: The tibialis anticus on the front side, exterior to the tibia, and the gastrocnemius, the large muscle in the calf of the leg. The use of these muscles is, in most instances, easily determined by observing the results of their contraction.
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