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Updated: June 10, 2025
The culture of sugar, tobacco and rice has been described in preceding chapters; that of the fleecy staple requires our present attention. The outstanding features of the landscape on a short-staple cotton plantation were the gin house and its attendant baling press.
The climate was moderately suited to a great variety of crops; but nothing was found for which it had a marked superiority until short-staple cotton was made available.
It is said that in 1792 some two or three million pounds of short-staple cotton was gathered in the Piedmont, perhaps in anticipation of a practicable gin, and that the state of Georgia had appointed a commission to promote the desired invention.
The slow action of the single roller-gin, cleaning about one hundred and fifty pounds of lint per day, made its cultivation too expensive, but the double roller-gin will clean nine hundred pounds in ten hours, or one hundred and twenty pounds an hour of the common upland short-staple cotton.
Many important experiments have been undertaken by the Station, of particular interest being those relating to soil building, the hybridization of sea-island cotton with some of the common short-staple varieties, fertilizer tests with potatoes, by which it has been shown that it is possible to raise as much as 266 bushels per acre on light, sandy soil such as that comprising the school-lands, while the average yield in the same part of Alabama is not more than 40 bushels to the acre.
It engages, moreover, to establish on the long-staple cottons of the United States which after the exchange of the ratifications of the present convention shall be brought directly thence to France by the vessels of the United States or by French vessels the same duties as on short-staple cotton.
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