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Thickness of calcareous and sedimentary Rocks in North of England. Upper, Middle, and Lower Permian. Marine Shells and Corals of the English Magnesian Limestone. Reptiles and Fish of Permian Marl-slate. Foot-prints of Reptiles. Angular Breccias in Lower Permian. Permian Rocks of the Continent. Zechstein and Rothliegendes of Thuringia. Permian Flora. Its generic Affinity to the Carboniferous.
The plants called Sigillaria and Stigmaria, so marked a feature in the Carboniferous period, are as yet wanting in the true Permian. Among the remarkable fossils of the Rothliegendes, or lowest part of the Permian in Saxony and Bohemia, are the silicified trunks of tree-ferns called generically Psaronius.
Professor Sedgwick in 1832 described what is now recognised as the central member of this group, the Magnesian limestone, showing that it attained a thickness of 600 feet along the north-east of England, in the counties of Durham, Yorkshire, and Nottinghamshire, its lower part often passing into a fossiliferous marl-slate and resting on an inferior Red Sandstone, the equivalent of the Rothliegendes of Germany.
Beneath the fossiliferous group lies the Rothliegendes or Rothtodt- liegendes, meaning the red-lyer or red-dead-lyer, so-called by the German miners from its colour, and because the copper had DIED OUT when they reached this underlying non-metalliferous member of the series.
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