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And the Ad Herennium adds a divisio, which defines the issues, between the statement of facts and the proof. Cassiodorus divides the speech into six parts and so does Martianus Capella. Thomas Wilson offers seven. The third part of rhetoric is elocutio, or style, the choice and arrangement of words in a sentence. Quintilian's treatment of style is typical.
The student had to know the differences between the various kinds of cases, demonstrativum, deliberativum and judiciale; he must know the proportionate value to the orator of inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria, and pronuntiatio, and how to manage each; he must know how to apply inventio in each of the six divisions of the speech: exordium, narratio, divisio, confirmatio, confutatio, conclusio.
For instance in his section on Devision as a part of a speech, Wilson says, "Tullie would not have a devision to be made, of, or above three partes at the moste, nor lesse then three neither, if neede so required." "Tullie" says no such thing. Indeed, Cicero never considers divisio as one of the parts of a speech.
But the Ad Herennium does make divisio a part of a speech, and does require not over three parts. As late as 1612, Thomas Heywood quotes the authority of "Tully, in his booke Ad Caium Herennium." The relative importance of Cicero's rhetorical works to the middle ages is well illustrated by a count of the manuscripts preserved.
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