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Updated: May 23, 2025
The long, spiniform processes on the carapace of the Zoeae of the Crabs and Porcellanae are not to be explained in this way, but their advantage to the larvae is evident. The formation of new limbs beneath the skin of the larvae is also to be referred to an earlier occurrence of processes which originally took place at a later period.
In the Hermit Crabs a similar, usually moveable, spiniform process occurs as the remains of the scale; their Zoeae have a well-developed but inarticulate scale. A precisely similar scale is possessed by the adult Prawns, in the Zoeae of which it exists still in a jointed form, like the outer branch of the second pair of feet of the Nauplius or Peneus-Zoea.
The outer antennae exhibit a well-developed and sometimes distinctly articulated scale, and within this usually a spiniform process; the flagellum appears generally to be still wanting. The third pair of maxillipedes seems to be always present, at least in the form of considerable rudiments. The spatuliform caudal lamina bears from five to six pairs of setae on its hinder margin.
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